Ada Lovelace was the first computer programmer. In the early years of computing, most programmers were women. When computers became important, men wanted in on it. Now most computer programmers are men, and they make a lot more at it than school teachers.
In the 1820s 90 percent of teachers were male, but now 76 percent of teachers are female. Teaching used to be a well-respected, well-paid, profession when men did it. Horace Mann came up with the idea of universal education for all children. It was a controversial idea at the time. You would need to raise a lot of tax money to pay for all those well paid male teachers. Politicians hated raising taxes back then too, and voters hated paying them. So they followed Horace’s suggestion and focused on women teachers. The schools could pay them half as much as men. Now teaching is a profession dominated by women, and the pay and respect they get reflects how society views women in the workplace.
If you’ve ever worked in any of the thousands of restaurants in NYC, you’d quickly notice that most of the people who work in the front, where it’s nice and air conditioned, are young and white. If you walk 10 feet into the kitchen, it’s hot and cramped, and most of the people there are people of color, many of them are immigrants. Until recently it was illegal for the restaurant to share the tips from the people in the front with the people in the back. Guess who went home with more money? The wages reflect society’s attitudes towards immigrants and people of color.
If you were applying to colleges and told your parents you want to be a doctor, they would be so proud that they would tell everyone they know. If you wanted to be a nurse, they might try to talk you out of it. Nurses were on the front of the Covid-19 battle and they were saving lives along with doctors, but at a fraction of the salary. Most Doctors are men, most nurses are women. When they can’t find enough nurses to do the job, they don’t raise their salaries to get more people to want to be nurses, they keep the salaries low and fly new ones in from the Philippines. Is that a problem with the profession, or does it just reflect how society values the labor of women and immigrants?
Even among doctors, the pay is highest in male-dominated specialties like Orthopedic surgery (85% male). Specialties where there are more women (like psychiatry) have much lower salaries.
There is not much that you can do to change society, but you can do what’s best for yourself. If you don’t want to change professions, change employers. Studies show that people who switch jobs are more likely to report higher salaries than people who stay put. Employers, like your cable company, don’t reward loyalty, they want people who jump ship.
Get better at negotiating your salary. Know what salaries are in your industry and negotiate for the top of the range when you are offered a job. Your starting salary will be the basis for all your future raises, so even an extra $1000 negotiated will mean tens of thousands of dollars in extra salary over the course of your career.
Get training to improve your skills. Some employers will pay for training that will help you perform well at your job. If they don’t, consider paying for it yourself. Those skills will make you more marketable when you look for a new job and you take those skills with you when you leave. If your skills stagnate, then you won’t be able to leave and your pay raises will get fewer and far between because you’ve lost your negotiation leverage.
[https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/the-big-number-women-now-outnumber-men-in-medical-schools/2019/12/20/8b9eddea-2277-11ea-bed5-880264cc91a9_story.html]
[How Filipino Nurses Propped Up America’s Medical System | Time
[Danny Meyer to Reintroduce Tipping at His Restaurants | Food & Wine
[Tips Can Now Be Shared Between Servers and Cooks – Eater]
[ cite for teacher stats A Lesson In How Teachers Became ‘Resented And Idealized’ : NPR]